Inversion (câu đảo ngữ) là một dạng câu đặc biệt trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh, đem trợ động từ hoặc động từ ra trước chủ ngữ. Đây là một trong những dạng bài tập không chỉ hay xuất hiện trong các đề thi trên lớp mà còn xuất hiện nhiều ở kì thi THPT Quốc gia. Ngày hôm nay, Tài liệu IELTS sẽ cùng bạn tìm hiểu và thực hành các dạng bài tập Inversion (Đảo ngữ) nhé!
Các trường hợp Đảo ngữ (Inversion)
Đảo ngữ với cấu trúc có trạng từ phủ định
Never
Seldom
Rarely + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V(nguyên thể) + O.
Hardly
Little
E.g: I rarely eat snacks. -> Rarely do I eat snacks. (Tôi thường ít ăn đồ ăn vặt.)
Đảo ngữ với cấu trúc có NO
At no time
On no condition
On no account
For no reason + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V(nguyên thể) + O.
No longer
Under no circumstances
Nowhere
In no way
E.g: She didn’t talk to him under any circumstances.
-> Under no circumstances did she talk to him. (Trong bất kỳ trường hợp nào cô ấy cũng không nói chuyện với anh ta.)
Xem thêm: Tổng hợp các cấu trúc Ngữ pháp đặc biệt trong tiếng Anh
Đảo ngữ với SUCH/SO
SO + ADJ + ĐỘNG TỪ TO BE (chia theo thì) + S + THAT + S + V + O.
SO + ADV + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + THAT + S + V + O.
E.g: He is so intelligent that he passes the exam with the highest score.
-> So intelligent is he that he passes the exam with the highest score.
(Anh ấy thông minh đến mức anh ấy đạt điểm cao nhất trong bài kiểm tra.)
SUCH + ĐỘNG TỪ TO BE(chia theo thì) (+A/AN) + N + THAT + S + V + O
= SUCH (+A/AN) + N + ĐỘNG TỪ TO BE(chia theo thì) + S + THAT + S + V + O
E.g: It is such an interesting book that I can’t take my eyes off it.
-> Such is an interesting book that I can’t take my eyes off it.
= Such an interesting book is it that I can’t take my eyes off it.
(Quyển sách thú vị đến mức tôi không thể rời mắt khỏi nó.)
Tham khảo: Cấu trúc và cách dùng So – Such trong tiếng Anh
Đảo ngữ với No sooner…than và Hardly/Barely/Scarcely…when
NO SOONER + HAD S V(p2) + THAN + S + V(quá khứ đơn) + O.
HARDLY
BARELY + HAD S V(p2) + WHEN + S + V(quá khứ đơn) + O.
SCARCELY
E.g: I had no sooner arrived home than he phoned me.
-> No sooner had I arrived home than he phoned me.
(Tôi vừa mới về nhà thì anh ấy gọi cho tôi.)
Đảo ngữ với các cấu trúc có Only
Only once
Only later
Only in this/that way
Only after V-ing + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V(nguyên thể) + O.
Only by V-ing
Only with N
Only then
Only + giới từ + thời gian
E.g: I realized that I had forgotten my pen only after reaching the class.
-> Only after reaching the class did I realize that I had forgotten my pen.
(Chỉ sau khi đến lớp tôi mới nhận ra tôi quên bút.)
Only when
Only after + S1 + V1 + O1 + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S2 + V2(nguyên thể) + O2.
Only if
E.g: Only when the mother came did the children sleep.
(Chỉ khi mẹ đến, mấy đứa trẻ mới ngủ.)
Xem thêm: Cách dùng cấu trúc Not only – But also trong tiếng Anh
Đảo ngữ với cấu trúc NOT UNTIL
It is/was not until + trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian/mệnh đề + THAT + S + V(cùng thì với động từ tobe ở vế trước) + O
-> NOT UNTIL + trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian/mệnh đề + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V(nguyên thể) + O.
E.g: It was not until yesterday that the letter arrived.
-> Not until yesterday did the letter arrive. (Mãi đến hôm qua lá thư mới đến.)
Đảo ngữ với cấu trúc NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…
NOT ONLY + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V1 + BUT + S + ALSO + V2
E.g: Not only did she work as a teacher but she also worked as a content creator.
(Cô ấy không chỉ làm nghề giáo viên mà làm cả nghề sáng tạo nội dung.)
Bạn đã hiểu rõ hơn các dạng của Inversion (câu đảo ngữ) chưa? Hãy cùng Vietop thực hành một số bài tập dưới đây nhé!
Bài tập Inversion (Đảo ngữ)
Bài 1: Choose the correct answers
- Rarely _______ anyone using desktop phones in Vietnam.
- you see
- do you see
- you have seen
- ________ received law degrees as today.
- So many women who have never
- Never so many women have
- Never have so many women
- _______ but he also speaks Chinese.
- He speaks English
- Not only he speaks English
- Not only does he speak English
- _______ drink wine because it’s not good for our health.
- Seldom we do
- Seldom do we
- Rarely we
- Hardly _______ entered the bus when she realized that she had forgotten her wallet.
- she had
- did she
- had she
- _______ did Tommy realize that there was a rob.
- When he entered the bank
- Only after entering the bank
- Only after did he enter the bank
- _______the stress she was under.
- Only now do I realize
- I only realize
- Now only do I realize
- _______ ever said anything to damage my image.
- Never have I
- Little I have
- In no way I have
- She can speak Chinese but _______ it in public.
- rarely she uses
- seldom does she use
- never she uses
- Never _______ such an interesting film.
- I have seen
- have I seen
- I saw
Bài 2: Change the normal sentence into one with inversion
- David had never seen such a gorgeous scene.
- We had no sooner eaten dinner than they came.
- I seldom get up so early.
- Mary understood little about the situation.
- I am hardly ever late for work.
- He had hardly left when it rained heavily.
- As soon as he had left, it rained heavily.
- She would not give up getting a job under any circumstances.
- He realized how serious the accident was only after reading the newspaper.
- It was not until we graduated that we had a job.
Bài 3: Make inverted sentences from the sentences given, using the words in brackets
- I have seldom watched such an exciting show. (Seldom)
- He only gets up early if he goes to school. (Only if)
- They had hardly started playing football when it rained. (Hardly)
- He laughed so much that his stomach hurt. (Did)
- He was so anxious that he fell asleep. (Was)
- The demands of her job are such that she is rarely able to take a holiday. (Such)
- It was only when I stopped that I realized I had made a big mistake. (Did)
- The murder never expressed regret for what he had done. (At no time)
- Liz didn’t realize that she had lost her bag until she got home. (Not until)
- They started to argue soon after they got married. (No sooner)
Bài 4: Rewrite these sentences with the same meaning
- The robbers didn’t know that the police had them under surveillance.
-> Little _______________________________________________.
- He won’t let her go until she promises.
-> Not until _______________________________________________.
- Nobody has been there since 2000.
-> Not since _______________________________________________.
- He would never take part in a music competition again.
-> Never _______________________________________________.
- I have never listened to such a terrible song before.
-> Never before _______________________________________________.
- He discovered that he was bleeding when he tried to get the book.
-> Only when _______________________________________________.
- The new apartment was hardly finished when the storm destroyed everything.
-> Hardly _______________________________________________.
- You shouldn’t leave any single sentence blanks in the test under any circumstances.
-> Under no circumstances _______________________________________.
- You can’t use my new pen at any time.
-> At no time _______________________________________________.
- The extent of the damage was such that the car was a total write-off.
-> Such _______________________________________________.
Đáp án
Bài 1: Choose the correct answers
| 1. do you see | 2. Never have so many women | 3. Not only does he speak English | 4. Seldom do we | 5. had she |
| 6. Only after entering the bank | 7. Only now do I realize | 8. Never have I | 9. seldom does she use | 10. have I seen |
Bài 2: Change the normal sentence into one with inversion
- Never had David seen such a gorgeous scene.
- No sooner had we eaten dinner than they came.
- Seldom do I get up so early.
- Little did Mary understand about the situation.
- Hardly am I ever late for work.
- Hardly had he left when it rained heavily.
- No sooner had he left than it rained heavily.
- Under no circumstances would she give up getting a job.
- Only after reading the newspaper did he realize how serious the accident was.
- Not until we graduated did we have a job.
Bài 3: Make inverted sentences from the sentences given, using the words in brackets
- Seldom have I watched such an exciting show.
- Only if he goes to school does she get up early.
- Hardly had they started playing football when it rained.
- So much did he laugh that his stomach hurt.
- So anxious was he that he fell asleep.
- Such are the demands of her job that she is rarely able to take a holiday.
- Only when I stopped did I realize I had made a big mistake.
- At no time did the murder express regret for what he had done.
- Not until Liz got home did she realize that she had lost her bag.
- No sooner they got married did they start to argue.
Bài 4: Rewrite these sentences with the same meaning
- Little did the robbers know that the police had them under surveillance.
- Not until she promises will he let her go.
- Not since 2000 has anybody been there.
- Never would he take part in a music competition again.
- Never before have I listened to such a terrible song.
- Only when he tried to get the book did he discover that he was bleeding.
- Hardly was the new apartment finished when the storm destroyed everything.
- Under no circumstances should you leave any single sentence blanks in the test.
- At no time can you use my new pen.
- Such was the extent of the damage that the car was a total write-off.
Trên đây là một số trường hợp thường thấy và tổng hợp bài tập liên quan đến câu đảo ngữ (Inversion). Không chỉ ôn luyện kiến thức, các bạn nhớ cả thực hành với bài tập thường xuyên để làm quen hơn với dạng ngữ pháp này nhé. Chúc các bạn đạt điểm cao môn tiếng Anh!
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