Bài tập Mệnh đề quan hệ từ cơ bản đến nâng cao

Mệnh đề quan hệ là một trong những ngữ pháp quan trọng trong các chủ điểm tiếng Anh. Nó được biến tấu đa dạng thành nhiều dạng bài tập khác nhau từ cơ bản đến nâng cao. Hôm nay Tài liệu IELTS sẽ giới thiệu đến người học những định nghĩa và bài tập rèn luyện nhé.

Định nghĩa Mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề quan hệ là một trong những dạng ngữ pháp quan trọng khi học tiếng Anh. Vì vậy hôm nay, Tài liệu IELTS cung cấp cho các bạn những lý thuyết cần thiết và các dạng bài tập phù hợp giúp nâng cao điểm số khi làm dạng ngữ pháp này nhé.

Mệnh đề quan hệ đặc trưng với các đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, whose, which, that) hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ (where, when, why).

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Những đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ

Who	Giữ vị trí là chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ chỉ người trong mệnh đề quan hệ, thường được theo sau là động từ hoặc danh từ. E.g.:The girl who is flying the kite is my kid.
Whom	Giữ vai trò như một tân ngữ chỉ người trong mệnh đề, thường được theo sau là các danh từ. E.g.: The cute girl whom we saw is a teacher.Note: Ta có thể sử dụng “who” thay thế cho “whom”
Which	Giữ vị trí là một chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ chỉ vật trong mệnh đề. E.g.: A book which is under the table is mine.
That	Dùng cho cả người, vật, có thể thay thế cho Who, Whom và Which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định. E.g.: The big dog that is running is my pet.
Whose	Thay thế cho các tính từ sở hữu, theo sau luôn là 1 danh từ. Hoặc ta có thể dùng “of which thay cho “whose”. E.g.:The girl whose bag you borrowed yesterday is Jenny.
When	Nói về thời gian, đứng sau những từ chỉ thời gian. E.g.: Tet is the day when all family members gather. (Tùy thuộc vào thời gian, chúng ta sử dụng at which, on which hoặc “in which” để thay thế cho when).
Where	Dùng nói đến nơi chốn, đứng sau từ chỉ nơi chốn. E.g.: The yellow house is the house where we used to live 10 years ago. (Ta có thể dựa vào nơi chốn được nhắc đến để sử dụng at which, on which hoặc ”in which” thay thế cho where.)
Why	Chỉ lý do, nguyên nhân, theo sau với  tiền ngữ “the reason”. Why dùng thay thế cho “for the reason”. E.g.: He did not tell me the reason why he break up with me. (Chúng ta có thể sử dụng “for which” để thay thế cho “why”.)

Xem thêm: Cách rút gọn Mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng Anh

Hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ thường gặp

Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định 

(Non-defining relative clauses): đây là mệnh đề sẽ cho thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định. Mệnh đề này không nhất thiết phải có trong câu. Khi danh từ là danh từ xác định, ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng một hoặc hai dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-) thì ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định này.

Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định 

(Defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác định và không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách nó với mệnh đề chính.

>>> Tham khảo: Đại từ quan hệ trong tiếng Anh – Cấu trúc, cách dùng và bài tập

Bài tập về mệnh đề quan hệ

Cơ bản

1. Tìm kiếm và sửa lỗi sai

1. The film who I watched yesterday was interesting.
2. I like that dress whom is really beautiful.
3. The only house to be paint last week was Oanh’s.
4. Do you get on with the person which lives behind?
5. A dictionary is a book whom gives her the meaning of words.

2. Nối 2 câu sau thành 1 câu liền mạch (rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)

1. Hana is the women. She phoned the police last night.
2. Those are books. Jack has just bought them from the bookstore.
3. The woman who is standing over there is my teacher.
4. The last person that was interviewed was Joe.
5. I buy a ring which is beautiful and fashionable.
6. Nha Trang, which is best known for foreign travelers, has beautiful beach.
7. They had a lake in which they could swim.

3. Điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống

1. A castle is a place … a king or queen lives.
2. A chef is a woman …  cooks in restaurants or bakeries.
3. This is the boy … mother is from ThaiLand.
4. This is the time of the year … many people suffer from flood.
5. The flowers … grow in my house garden are colorful.

Nâng cao 

4. Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.

1. She is the most energetic girl whose I have ever seen.
2. She can’t speak Japanese, whom is a disadvantage.
3. The policeman must try to find those people whom drive dangerously.
4. The person about who I told you yesterday is coming here next week.
5. Father’s Day is the day where children show their love to their dad.
6. Do you know the reason when we should learn Korean?
7. The woman who she told me the hot news was not a native citizen.
8. Tet holiday is the day where my family members gather and enjoy it together.

5. Điền một mệnh đề quan hệ WHO, WHICH hoặc WHOSE vào chỗ trống trong những câu sau

1. He arrived with his girlfriend ______ waited outside in the car.
2. The man ______ mobile phone was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The new car ______ the robbers escaped in was a Toyota.
4. The woman ______ son was crying tried to calm her down.
5. The doctor ______ works in the village is very old.
6. The family ______ car was stolen last night is the Greens.
7. The little boy ______ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
8. A train is a big vehicle ______ carries lots of people.
9. The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work carefully.
10. Children ______ like art are often good at literature.
11. The engineers ______ designed the building received an award.
12. Girls ______ recited the poem are my daughters.
13. The townspeople, ______ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to build a new shopping mall.
14. The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world’s largest ocean.
15. The magazine to ______ we subscribe is delivered regularly.
16. Điền một mệnh đề quan hệ WHO, WHICH hoặc THAT vào chỗ trống trong những câu sau

1. The men _______ lives next door are Vietnamese.
2. The dictionary ______ you gave me is very useful.
3. Do you know the boys ______ are standing outside the supermarket?
4. yesterday.
5. The coat ______ you like comes from China.
6. I have lost the necklace ______ my grandmother gave me on my birthday.
7. A burglar is someone ______ breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Cars ______ go to the airport run fast.
9. I can’t find the key ______ opens this door.
10. I gave you a magazine ______ had many pictures of models.
11. I don’t like the boy ______ Lisa is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful necklace ______ she wore yesterday.
13. The man ______ she is going to marry is very poor.
14. This is the bank ______ was robbed yesterday.
15. He wore a mask ______ made him look like Tom & Jerry.

7. Nối 2 câu đơn thành một câu ghép sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ

1. He worked for a woman. She used to be an artist.
2. They called a doctor. He lived nearby.
3. I wrote an email to my mother. She lives in Egypt.
4. Katy liked the waiter. He was very polite.
5. We broke a car. It belonged to my dad.
6. Ba dropped a glass. It was old.
7. Hery loves books. They have sad endings.
8. I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam.
9. The man is in the class. He is wearing a yellow hat.
10. The woman works in a hospital. She is from Tokyo.
11. My sister has four sons. She lives in Japan.
12. The man was rude. He was wearing a red shirt.
13. The phone is on the table. It belongs to An.
14. The TV got broken. It was my grandfather’s.
15. The radio was stolen. It was bought 35 years ago.
16. The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.
17. This is the laptop. My mother has just bought it.
18. That’s the man. His car is a Ferrari.
19. I know the woman. She lives upstairs.
20. It’s the dog. I always talk to him at night.

8. Chọn đáp án có mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn chính xác nhất

Câu 1: My friends who are studying in China will be at the party

      A. My friends studying in China will be at the party

      B. My friends who studying in China will be at the party.

      C. My studying in China friends will be at the party.

Câu 2: A shot glass which is on the desk is broken.

      A. A shot glass desk is broken

      B. A on the desk shot glass is broken

      C. A shot glass on the desk is broken.

 Câu 3:  The students who study at Havard come from all over the world.

      A. The studying students at Havard come from all over the world

      B. The studying at Havard students come from all over the world

      C. The students studying at Havard come from all over the world.

 Câu 4: The towels that are on the chair can be used in the club showers.

      A.The on the chair towels can be used in the club showers.

      B. The towels on the chair can be used in the club showers.

      C. The chaired towels can be used in the club showers.

Câu 5: The woman who was beautiful worked in USA.

       A. The woman beautiful worked in USA.

       B. The woman who beautiful worked in USA

       C. The beautiful woman worked in USA.

Câu 6: Nha Trang, which is famous for its seafood, is a livable city

       A. Nha Trang, famous for it’s beautiful beach is a livable city

       B. Nha Trang, famous for its seafood, is a livable city

       C. Nha Trang is famous for its seafood is a livable city

Câu 7: The car which was featured was made by Suzuki

       A. The featured car was made by Suzuki

       B. The was featured car made by Toyota

       C. The made Toyota car was featured

Câu 8: The men that are working on the project come from Vietnam

       A. The men working on the project come from Vietnam

       B. The working men on the project come from India

       C. The working on the project men come from India

Đáp án

Đáp án bài tập 1

1. who ➔ which (thay thế cho the film phải dùng which chứ không dùng who)
2. whom ➔ which (thay thế cho that dress dùng which)
3. to be paint ➔ to be painted (sai về chia thời động từ)
4. which ➔ who (thay thế cho the person phải dùng who)
5. whom ➔ which (thay thế a book phải dùng which)

Đáp án bài tập 2

1. Hana is the women phoning the police last night.
2. Those are the books which Jack has just bought from the bookstore.
3. The woman standing over there is my teacher.
4. The last person to be interviewed was Joe.
5. I buy a beautiful and fashionable ring.
6. Nha Trang, best known for foreign travelers, has beautiful beach.
7. They had a small lake to swim in.

Đáp án bài tập 3

1. A castle is a place where a king or queen lives.
2. A chef is a woman who cooks in restaurants or bakeries.
3. This is the boy whose mother is from Thailand.
4. This is the time of the year when many people suffer from flood.
5. The flowers which grow in my house garden are colorful.

Đáp án bài tập 4

1. whose => who/ whom/ that
2. whom => which
3. whom => who
4. about who => about whom
5. where => when
6. when => why
7. who she => who
8. where => when

Đáp án bài 5

1. He arrived with his girlfriend who waited outside in the car.
2. The man whose mobile phone was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The car which the robbers escaped in was a Toyota.
4. The woman whose daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
5. The doctor who works in the village is very old.
6. The family whose car was stolen last week is the Greens.
7. The little boy who is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
8. A train is a big vehicle which carries lots of people.
9. The volunteers, whose enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work carefully.
10. Children who like art are often good at literature.
11. The engineers who designed the building received an award.
12. The girl who recited the poem is my niece.
13. The townspeople, whose pride in their community is well-known, raised enough money to build a new shopping mall.
14. The Pacific Ocean, which might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world’s largest ocean.
15. The magazine to which we subscribe is delivered regularly.

Đáp án bài 6

1. The men who lives next-door are Vietnamese.
2. The dictionary which you gave me is very useful.
3. Do you know the boys who are standing outside the supermarket?
4. The police are looking for the thieve who got into my car yesterday.
5. The coat which you like comes from China.
6. I have lost the necklace which my grandmother gave me on my birthday.
7. A burglar is someone that breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Cars that go to the airport run fast.
9. I can’t find the key which opens this door.
10. I gave you a magazine which had many pictures of models.
11. I don’t like the boy who Lisa is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful necklace which she wore yesterday.
13. The man whom she is going to marry is very poor.
14. This is the bank which was robbed yesterday.
15. He wore a mask which made him look like Tom & Jerry.

Đáp án bài 7

1. He worked for a woman who used to be an artist.
2. They called a doctor who lived nearby.
3. I wrote an email to my mother who lives in Egypt.
4. Katy liked the waiter who was very polite.
5. We broke a car that belonged to my dad.
6. Ba dropped a glass which was old.
7. Hery loves books that have sad endings.
8. I live in a city that is in the north of Vietnam.
9. The man who is wearing a yellow hat is in the class.
10. The woman who is from Tokyo works in a hospital.
11. My sister who lives in Japan has four sons.
12. The man who was wearing a red shirt was rude.
13. The phone that belongs to An is on the table.
14. The TV that was my grandfather’s got broken.
15. The radio that was bought 35 years ago was stolen.
16. The girl who gave Binh his phone is his daughter.
17. This is the laptop which my mother has just bought.
18. That’s the man whose car is a Ferrari.
19. I know the woman who lives upstairs.
20. It’s the dog that I always talk to at night.

Đáp án bài tập 8 

1.A                                  6.B

2.C                               7.A

3.C                              8.A

4.B         

5.C    

Hy vọng với đầy đủ các kiến thức và dạng bài tập đa dạng về mệnh đề quan hệ từ cơ bản đến nâng cao sẽ giúp các bạn củng cố kiến thức và hoàn thành tốt các bài kiểm tra tiếng Anh nhé!